Self Reliance Essays - Eddic Poetry, Lokasenna,

Confidence There is a period in each man's training when he shows up at the conviction that jealousy is obliviousness; that impersonation is self destruction; that he should take himself for better, in negative ways, as his bit; that however the wide universe is loaded with great, no piece of supporting corn can come to him however through his work offered on that plot of ground which is given to him to work. The force which dwells in him is new in nature, and none yet he recognizes what that is which he can do, nor does he know until he has attempted. Not to no end one face, one character, one actuality, establishes a lot of connection with him, and another none. This figure in the memory isn't without preestablished agreement. The eye was put where one beam should fall, that it may affirm of that specific beam. We however half communicate, and are embarrassed about that divine thought which every one of us speaks to. It might be securely trusted as proportionate and of good issues, so it be loyally granted, however God won't have his work made show by weaklings. A man is calmed and gay at the point when he has placed his heart into his work and put forth a valiant effort; in any case, what he has said or done something else, will give him no harmony. It is a redemption which doesn't convey. In the endeavor his virtuoso abandons him; no dream gets to know; no development, no expectation. Confide in thyself: each heart vibrates to that iron string. Acknowledge the spot the heavenly fortune has found for you, the general public of your peers, the association of occasions. Incredible men have consistently done as such, and trusted themselves innocent to the virtuoso of their age, double-crossing their recognition that the totally dependable was situated at their heart, working through their hands, prevailing in all their being. Also, we are currently men, and must acknowledge in the most elevated brain the equivalent otherworldly fate; and not minors and invalids in a secured corner, not weaklings escaping before an insurgency, yet aides, saviors, and advocates, complying with the Almighty exertion, and progressing on Bedlam and the Dark. What beautiful prophets nature yields us on this content, in the face and conduct of kids, angels, and even savages! That separated and rebel mind, that doubt of an estimation since our number juggling has registered the quality and means restricted to our motivation, these have not. Their brain being entire, their eye is so far unconquered, and when we look in their faces, we are vexed. Earliest stages fits in with no one: all comply with it, so one darling normally makes four or five out of the grown-ups who babble and play to it. So God has equipped youth and pubescence and masculinity no less with its own intrigue and enchant, and made it fortunate and benevolent and its cases not to be put by, in the event that it will stand without anyone else. Try not to think the young has no power, since he can't address you and me. Behold! in the following room his voice is adequately intelligible and earnest. It appears he knows step by step instructions to address his peers. Modest or intense, at that point, he will realize how to make us seniors pointless. The lack of concern of young men who make certain of a supper, and would scorn as much as a ruler to do or say nothing to mollify one, is the solid demeanor of human instinct. A kid is in the parlor what the pit is in the playhouse; free, flighty, watching out from his corner on such individuals what's more, realities as cruise by, he attempts and sentences them on their merits, in the quick, synopsis method of young men, as great, terrible, fascinating, senseless, expressive, irksome. He cumbers himself never about outcomes, about interests: he gives an autonomous, certifiable decision. You should court him: he doesn't court you. Be that as it may, the man is, figuratively speaking, applauded into prison by his awareness. When he has once acted or spoken with eclat, he is a dedicated individual, viewed by the compassion or the scorn of hundreds, whose expressions of love should now go into his record. There is no Lethe for this. Ok, that he could pass again into his impartiality! Who would thus be able to maintain a strategic distance from all promises, and having watched, watch again from the equivalent unaffected, fair, unbribable, unaffrighted honesty, should consistently be considerable. He would articulate conclusions on every passing issue, which supposedly being not private, yet essential, would sink like darts into the ear of men, and put them in dread. These are the voices which we hear in isolation, yet they develop black out and indiscernible as we go into the

The Barbie Phenomenon Essay Example For Students

The Barbie Phenomenon Essay The Barbie marvel overwhelmed the world. The making of the eleven and onehalf-inch tall glitz lady didnt start at an enormous partnerships planning phase, as some may might suspect. She really came directly from the hands of her caring guardians, Ruth and Elliot Handler. The Mattel Corporation, established by Ruth and Elliot Handler, has effectively promoted the Barbie doll for more than four decades and still keeps on selling the doll all through the world. It is astonishing the effect this childs toy has had in both the corporate meeting room and the toy room, and on youngsters as well as grown-ups. Barbie has brought billons in deals to the primary concern of Mattel, and to grown-ups the world over who have made significant interests in Barbie assortments. Strangely enough, had it not been for the ingenuity of one lady, Barbie may never have been conceived. Ruth Handler was brought into the world the most youthful of ten kids and started her vocation filling in as a transcriber at Paramount Pictures. Her better half, Elliot was naturally introduced to a family with four siblings and functioned as a light installation fashioner before coming back to class to get his craft degree (Lord 20). In 1937 the couple chose to face their first large challenge throughout everyday life. The two of them quit their occupations and moved from their home in Denver, Colorado, to go into business in Southern California (Lord 18). They opened their own locally situated business building plexi-glass furniture in their carport (West Interview). Not long after World War II started, the Handlers extended their business into what used to be a laundromat, and recruited laborers to help in their new manufacturing plant making gems, light holders, and other plastic things (Lord 20). At that point around 1945, Mr. what's more, Mrs. Handler chose to grow their business again. The couple started their own organization, Mattel Creations with long-lasting family companion, Harold Mattson as their accomplice. Mr. Mattsons last name was blended in with Elliots to frame the organization name Mattel (Lord 20). With the finish of the war came an expansion in the utilization of plastic, and Mattel Creations first item, a plastic ukulele called the Ukedoodle hit the toy store racks. The creation of this new toy truly helped set Mattels business moving. After the ukulele, came a jack-in-the-case, which additionally carried a lot of income to the organization. Mattel was fruitful to the point that by 1950, the organization had assembled a total assets of about a half million dollars (Lord 20). We will compose a custom exposition on The Barbie Phenomenon explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now While Mattel Creations was occupied with commending the accomplishment of their popular ukulele and jack-in-the-crate, a creator in Germany was determinedly making his own magnum opus; one that would significantly impact the plan of the Barbie doll. A man named Reinhard Beuthien made an animation character named Lilli who showed up in the comic area of a German paper called Bild Zeitung. Before long, this one-dimensional character called Lilli was changed into a three-dimensional doll (Bad Girl 1). The doll that Mr. Beuthien created was eleven and one-half-inches tall, substance shaded and wonderfully painted (Lord 25). Her primary character characteristics included golddigger, maverick, and floozy (Lord 25). Be that as it may, Lilli was fundamentally an attractive, grown-up male explicit toy (Bad Girl 1) not a childs good example or toy (Bad Girl 2). Back in the United States, Ruth began having thoughts, while watching her little girl Barbara play with paper dolls, of structuring a doll with a womans body. Her little girl wasnt simply playing with the dolls; she was eagerly connecting with them (Lord 29-30). Ruth could see her little girl playing pretend in the place where there is grown-up life and figured a real doll would be a significant wonders (Lord 30). .uc95a637204e02f5220b4fd9865272213 , .uc95a637204e02f5220b4fd9865272213 .postImageUrl , .uc95a637204e02f5220b4fd9865272213 .focused content zone { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .uc95a637204e02f5220b4fd9865272213 , .uc95a637204e02f5220b4fd9865272213:hover , .uc95a637204e02f5220b4fd9865272213:visited , .uc95a637204e02f5220b4fd9865272213:active { border:0!important; } .uc95a637204e02f5220b4fd9865272213 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .uc95a637204e02f5220b4fd9865272213 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; haziness: 1; progress: obscurity 250ms; webkit-change: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .uc95a637204e02f5220b4fd9865272213:active , .uc95a637204e02f5220b4fd9865272213:hover { murkiness: 1; change: mistiness 250ms; webkit-progress: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .uc95a637204e02f5220b4fd9865272213 .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relative; } .uc95a637204e02f5220b4fd9865272213 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content adornment: underline; } .uc95a637204e02f5220b4fd9865272213 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .uc95a637204e02f5220b4fd9865272213 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; fringe sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: striking; line-stature: 26px; moz-outskirt range: 3px; content adjust: focus; content beautification: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc95a637204e02f5220b4fd9865272213:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .uc95a6372 04e02f5220b4fd9865272213 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .uc95a637204e02f5220b4fd9865272213-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .uc95a637204e02f5220b4fd9865272213:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: - Closest To The Sun EssaySome time later, while shopping on an extended get-away in Switzerland, Mrs. Handler previously observed the Lilli doll. She chose to purchase three of the dolls, one for herself and two for her little girl (Bad Girl 2). Ruth truly wasnt acquainted with Lilli or what she spoke to, yet in her, she saw the figure that she had been attempting to catch for quite a long time, yet was told couldnt be done (Lord 29). The doll was so imperative to her that when the men at the organization told Mrs. Handler that the doll was too female to be in any way made in the United States, she chose to start developme nt elsewhere on the planet. It was a year later, in 1957, when an electronic specialist at long last took the Lilli doll to be overhauled in Japan (Lord 30). These significant occasions served to at long last set up Ruth Handlers place in the doll world (Tosa 29). Named after Ruths own girl, the dolls name was Barbara Joyce, or Barbie for short, and her eagerly awaited introduction at last came in March of 1959 at New York Citys American Toy Fair (Tosa 30). Barbies achievement depended vigorously on how well her picture coordinated market desires and design patterns for children and grown-ups (Hein 4). In the eye of the guardians, she was an extraordinary toy (Hein 4). Barbie conveyed positive pictures and sound excellence. She wore a safety belt, turned into a space traveler, and ran for President (Hein 6), giving little youngsters dreams to make progress toward. Barbie additionally end up being an extremely flexible doll too. She was everything from a specialist to a fireman, a scientist, and a competitor (Hein 9-10). Not exclusively was Barbie brilliant, prudent, and complex, however for the children, she was outright fun. She had a wide cluster of garments and adornments, which permitted childrens minds to go crazy everywhere throughout the world (Hein 5). For the more established age, she was known as a high school design model, and another sort of doll from reality (Tosa 30). During that time as patterns changed, so did Barbie. At the point when the style magazines began demonstrating young ladies with tattoos and bellybutton rings, Barbie began indicating them as well (Hein 10). Balance for all wasnt only a genuine thing; it was additionally found in the Mattel world. Barbie delivered its first African American doll in 1968 (Hein 7). Presently, Mattel discharged a Spanish-talking doll, at that point as of late there was an arrival of an impaired Barbie (Hein 7). These diverse Barbie dolls were made so kids, while playing with dolls, could start to have genuine encounters (Hein 6). This fantasyland/grown-up life thought, was probably the best thought that Mattel had ever had, and the greatest selling point ever. The Barbie doll sold so well its first year underway, that it took three entire years to dispatch the requests (Long 17). Barbies notoriety didnt before long vanish either. By 1965 Mattel had sold more than one hundred million dollars worth of Barbie stock. By 1968, Mattel had Barbie industrial facil ities in Germany, England, and Mexico, and wholesalers in Italy and Belgium (Lord 59). In 1964, in the midst of all the popularity and fortune of the new doll, circumstances got difficult and the organization nearly became penniless as corporate showcasing got some distance from Barbie on different kinds of toys. The board started concentrating on electronic games than Barbie dolls, however the games didn't sell well and the organization lost a lot of cash (Lord 15). By 1981, notwithstanding, Mattel was in the groove again with thirteen new Barbie dolls available. Today Barbie is more famous than any time in recent memory with authorities and little youngsters the same. The normal American young lady younger than eleven claims ten Barbie dolls (Barbie Overview1), and Mattel presents more than one hundred new Barbie dolls each year!Barbie is obviously, as yet changing with the occasions and with the most recent innovation. She has new electronic games where players can decide to talk about professions, shopping, dating, or gatherings with her, and her own site. She has likewise been the glad rec

Advanced Financial Planning Tutorial

Advanced Financial Planning Tutorial If you want your business to succeed, you must understand financial planning. It forms the core of your business development, as it helps you to look into the future and make sense of the present. © Shutterstock.com | GeorgejmclittleIn this guide, we’ll explain in detail what financial planning is about and the benefits it brings to your business. We’ll look at the core elements of a financial plan and the steps it takes to cover all the bases. We’ve even included example spreadsheets to help you plan your finances.WHAT IS FINANCIAL PLANNING?Financial plan for businesses is essentially a forecast of future performance. It most often involves estimating the capital requirements for achieving certain strategic goals.The plan is conducted after a business determines its objectives and a vision for the future. It’s used for outlining and understanding the activities, resources, equipment and materials required for achieving these objectives. Furthermore, financial planning can also help determine the timeline for achieving these goals.Therefore, a financial plan is typically used as part of a business plan, during the development and start of a business. The plan is a cru cial part of a business plan, as it can help determine the viability of the business. It helps understand the finances behind the strategy and the timeline for getting the business on its feet.But additionally, financial planning is required at later stages of business development. It can help define the actions the business can do in order to succeed. For instance, financial planning can be used when implementing a new strategy or acquiring new equipment.WHY SHOULD A BUSINESS HAVE A FINANCIAL PLAN?First, you should know that your plan is always wrong. But as the famous quote by Dr Gramme Edwards says, “It’s not the plan that’s important, it’s the planning.” Financial planning will ensure you are better prepared for the times when the plan doesn’t go according to plan.There are a number of benefits of financial planning.The first major benefit is the validation of the business plan. With proper planning, you are able to confirm the objectives can be achieved in terms of financial gain and spending. This can be especially crucial for assuring investors of the viability and therefore getting them on board with your business. In essence, your business can validate whether the business assumptions are met in real life and decide whether to continue or discontinue with the current strategy.Furthermore, financial planning allows the establishment of a workable budget. It outlines the spending requirements needed for achieving specific objectives and measures the income requirements.Finally, a major benefit of financial planning is how it provides better financial control. You are more in control as you are more aware of the costs associated with running the business and succeeding. For example, financial planning means you are more attentive to the business’ tax burden. Since you are able to work ahead and estimate expenses and income, you can prepare the business for taxes. Furthermore, you can manage the cash flow and prepare for future needs in adva nce. Overall, it also guarantees better debt management, as you are aware of the interest rates and other associated costs. This can allow accelerated debt repayment and boost the business finances further.This is how you can go from your business model canvas to a financial plan.[slideshare id=45972194doc=bmctofinancialplan-150318003834-conversion-gate01w=640h=330]THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF A FINANCIAL PLANFinancial planning involves analyzing and estimating the following components:Start-up costsCash flow projectionsProjected and previous balance sheets and income statementsA break-even analysisA ratio analysisThe importance of each component depends on whether the business is just starting out or has been operating for a while. We’ll now outline each component in more detail.Start-up costsIf your financial planning is focused on getting a new business up on its feet, then start-up costs are an important part of the planning. These are essentially what the name suggests: the costs a cquired when setting up a business.Furthermore, they are one-time expenditures, not continuing expenses, and required in order for the business to start operating in the first place. Start-up costs include:Equipment costsFurniture and fixture costsSupplies and materialsInventory expenditureLicenses, permits and incorporation fees where applicableFor other costs, such as continuous expenditure for stocking up the inventory, the expenditure is noted under operating expenses. These are not included in start-up costs, but will be written down in income statements and cash flow projections.Cash flow projectionsYour financial plan will also need to examine cash flow projections. This is an estimation of when the business is expected to receive cash from sales. Cash flow projections are a crucial part of financial planning, as it helps the business to know when it’s able to pay the bills.Businesses typically do cash flow projections on a monthly basis and at least a year into the future. For your business to succeed, you should regularly compare your projections with actual cash flow and use the information to revise your analysis. Projected and previous balance sheets and income statementsFinancial planning examines both projected and previous balance sheets and income statements.Previous balance sheets and income statementsAn income statement shows the actual revenues and expenses for your business. This includes all the money coming into your business and any money going out of your business. It can sometimes be referred to as a profit and loss statement.Your financial plan should include at least the last year’s income statement, although you could have them available for a longer period.A balance sheet should also be included from the previous years. Balance sheets are an insight into a specific period and they provide information regarding the business’ assets, liabilities and the owner’s equity.Assets, which show what the business owns, include things such as cash, inventory and property. Liabilities, which are what the business owes, consists of things like taxes owed, mortgages, bank loans and so on. The owner’s equity, also referred to as the net worth of the business, highlights the assets minus liabilities.Projected balance sheets and income statementsAs well as including the current income statement and balance sheet, your financial plan should also examine projected, or pro forma, versions of both.A pro forma income statement estimates the revenue and expenses over a specific period. Like with the cash flow, it’s important to have both worst and best-case scenarios covered with the prediction. You should also regularly compare the actual income statements with the projections to understand how well you’ve planned for your finances.A pro forma balance sheet is an estimation of the business’ net worth at a specific time. Both of these projections are required by investors and lenders, as it helps them understand what your business’ finances might look in the future.A break-even analysisFinancial planning will also examine the break-even analysis. The break-even analysis helps you determine the amount of sales the business needs in order to not lose money.The break-even point is determined by the following formula:  Total costs = Total RevenuesIt essentially determines the viability, as well as the profitability, of your business.A ratio analysisRatio analysis includes a variety of different business ratios. These analyze the relative health of the business and they help you to identify positive, as well as negative, trends in your business’ performance.The data you use for ratio analysis comes directly from the balance sheet and the income statement. It’s a good idea to compare your specific ratios with other similar business. You can find this information on websites such as the US Securities and Exchange Commission and the RBA resource guide.The business ratios you should incorporate in your financial planning include:Current ratio â€" highlights the business’ ability to pay bills.  A ratio above 2:1 is generally favorable, as it shows your business as more current assets than current liabilities. Quick ratioâ€" The ratio is the same except it doesn’t include inventory in its calculations. Debt to equity ratio â€" Compares the debts of the business to its equity, showcasing the proportion of business’ finances that are covered by investment.  A ratio below 2:1 is advantageous. Return on investment ratioâ€"The ratio compares your business’ net profits to investment. It’s considered one of the best ways of determining the profitability of your business and therefore, crucial for financial planning. Inventory turnover ratio â€" Examines the average turnover in a given year, meaning the time it took to clear your inventory. The calculations can differ depending the industry. For example, in retail the sales are compared to inventory and then looked in relation to industry standard. You can find out more about business ratios  from the below video: STEPS FOR CREATING A FINANCIAL PLANNow that we’ve covered the basic components of a financial plan, let’s examine the steps for creating a sound plan for your business. Whether you are starting out or looking to implement a new business strategy, the below steps will help you on your financial planning adventure.#1: Calculate start-up costsIf you are setting up a business, you first need to consider the cost of starting out. Calculating the start-up costs is straightforward and simple; you merely have to include all one-time costs you must pay for the business to come to life.The costs associated for getting started will depend significantly on the type of business you are setting up. For example, launching an online-only business that deals with website development will most likely have less costs than setting up a restaurant.Below is an example spreadsheet you can use for calculating start-up costs.Licenses  Sec urity deposits:for rent or lease of equipmentfor utilities  Leasehold improvements  Furniture, fixtures, equipment, signage  Legal, accounting, consulting  Insurance  Pre-opening costs:advertisingwagessupplies, stationarytraining, travel  Opening inventory  Operating loan  Vehicles  TOTAL STARTUP COSTS  Remember not all points in the above spreadsheet necessarily apply to your business. For instance, you might not require the use of vehicles. You should initially estimate the costs, but ensure you adjust your spreadsheet as you get quotes for fees or find out the actual cost of certain elements.#2: Work out cash flow projectionsYou’ll next need to estimate the cash flow projection. In order to do so, you should:Use previous sales figures. Naturally this is only applicable once your business is up and running.Calculate both the worst and the best-case scenarios and use an estimate or the most likely outcome.Establish a credit policy for the business and use it to estimate how much of your sales will be on credit.Below is an example sheet for calculating your cash flow projections. You can also find a number of software options online. For instance, check out Float and Pulse.It’s a good idea to prepare the cash flow projection for a total year, but to separate the projections for monthly estimates.The example sheet below has space for two months, but you can create one file for all 12 months. Furthermore, the below example spreadsheet has a section for the estimated sums and for actual sums. This allows you to see how accurate your predictions have been at a glance.JanuaryFebruaryPredictedActualPredictedActualCash In        Cash sales        Account Receivable collected        Other cash received        Total cash in        Cash Out        Inventory purchases        Wages Benefits        Owner advances        Rent        Marketing        Administration        Insurance        Utilities        Accounting        Legal fees        Loan payments (principal int erest)        Maintenance, repairs        Travel, auto, delivery        Licences and taxes        Assets purchased        Other        Total cash out        Surplus or Deficit        Opening Cash        Closing Cash        The key to cash flow predictions is understanding the realistic ratio of receiving your invoices in cash and the timeline for doing so.It’s rather unrealistic to assume you’d receive 100% of your invoices within the first 30 days of starting out, so you need to be realistic with your calculations.#3: Prepare income statement and balance sheetAs mentioned in the previous section, it’s crucial to include the actual income statements and balance sheets, as well as the projected versions to your financial plan. Financial planning is more accurate if you use actual data for your estimations.When it comes to financial planning, the expert advice is to create projected income statements and balance sheets for a three-year period at once.Below is a sample income sta tement you can fill out with numbers. As with the cash flow projection above, certain aspects of the spreadsheet might not be relevant to your business.Year 1Year 2Year 3Sales      Cost of Sales      Gross Profit      Wages Benefits      Marketing      Rent      Administration      Insurance      Accounting, Legal      Loan Interest      Travel, Auto      Depreciation      Maintenance      Licences, Taxes      Assets Purchased      Other      Expenses      Net Income before Tax      Tax (%)      Net Income      It’s important to have your pro-forma income sheet and the actual income sheet distinct to avoid confusion. So, have a separate file for both. You also want to compare the two, as big differences in numbers can highlight problems you might have in estimating certain expenses or revenues.Here’s also an example spreadsheet you can use for calculating your balance sheet:OpeningYear 1Year 2Year 3Cash        Accounts Receivable        Inventory        Prepaid Expenses         Current Assets        Leasehold Improvements        Equipment Furniture        Accumulated Depreciation        Fixed Assets        Assets        Accounts Payable        Current portion of long-term loan        Current liabilities        Loan        Minus current portion        Shareholders’ loans        Long-term debt        Liabilities        Opening equity        Retained earnings â€" current year        Minus dividends        Equity        TOTAL LIABILITIES EQUITY        #4: Determine the break-even pointFinally, you need to determine the break-even point for your business. For calculating the break-even figure, you must focus on the following three factors:The selling priceâ€"The price at which you sell your product or service.The fixed costs â€" Costs, which don’t change depending on sales numbers. Includes expenditure such as rent, loan repayments, insurance, etc.The variable costsâ€" Costs, which increase or decrease depending on sales figures. Covers expenditure such a s materials, additional staff salaries and supplies, for example.There are essentially two different ways of calculating the break-even point: the equation method and the contribution margin method.The equation method allows you to determine the break-even point in units and your chosen currency, such as dollars. As mentioned above, the equation for calculating this is:Sales price per unit   x   Number of units = Variable expenses   x   Number of units   +   Total fixes expensesIn the above formula, the right side stands for the total costs, while the left side represents the total sales in the currency. By knowing the sales price, the variable expenses and the total fixed expenses, you can solve the number of units you must sell in order to break even.For example, business A might have determined the sales price per unit to be $15. It’s variable expenses stand at $7.50 per unit, with the annual fixed income running at $15,000. Using the formula above, the calculation would look l ike this:15 x Q = 7.5 x Q + 15,000                       15Q â€" 7.5Q = 15,000                       7.5Q = 15,000                       Q = 15,000 / 7.5                       Q = 2,000Q equals the unit quantity in the above calculation. Therefore, the break-even point in units is 2,000. You can then calculate the break-even point in dollars by multiplying the units (2,000) with the sales price per unit ($15). This would mean the break-even point for your business in dollars would stand at $30,000.The other available method is the contribution margin method. This takes the total fixed expenses and divides them by the contribution margin per unit (the sales price per unit the variable expenses per unit).With the numbers from the above example, the calculation would look like this:Break even-point = total fixed expenses / contribution margin per unitBreak even point = $15,000 / $7.5Break even point = 2,000The above information can then be presented in a break-even chart. Here’s a c hart highlighting the above data: CONCLUSIONA properly conducted financial plan will help your business to succeed. Financial planning essentially justifies your business ideas for it helps you answer the all-important question: Is my business viable and profitable?It doesn’t just provide you with a peace of mind going forward; financial planning is the best way to convince investors and lenders to get on board as well.

Security Risk Management Plan Essay - 2013 Words

SECURITY RISK MANAGEMENT PLAN Prepared by Jeremy Davis Version control Project title | Security Risk Management Plan Draft | Author | Jeremy Davis | VC | 1.0 | Date | 25/10/10 | Contents Executive summary 4 Project purpose 5 Scope of Risk management 5 Context and background 5 Assumptions 5 Constraints 5 Legislation/Standards/Policies 6 Risk management 6 Identification of risk 7 Analysis of risk 8 Risk Category 9 Review of Matrix 9 Action plan 9 Testing Procedures 11 Maintenance 11 Scheduling 11 Implementation 12 Training 12 Milestones 12 Monitoring and review 13 Definition 13 Authorisation 14 Reference 15 Executive summary A Security Risk Management Plan (SRMP) helps CBS†¦show more content†¦This is achieved through the assessment of the business, operations, staff, assets, risks, legislations, standards and policies. Context and background Definition of Risk management The analysing of risks and implementation of risk controls to minimise and prevent risks from occurring to the business. Assumptions Assumptions must be identified that the business may be working to understand and gather more information. Assumptions are what the project team have expected to have or be made available throughout the program. * SMRP approved * SMRP implemented strategies are tested and is successful * SMRP meets requirements Constraints Constraints are usually a list in which provides the limitations and restrictions that the project team may encounter. * Budget issues * Must check if plan meets legislations, standards and policies * Approval of Security risk management plan may delay * Implementation of strategies Legislation/Standards/Policies When considering risk management, you must state legal and regulatory framework. You must identify in order to follow and meet the requirements for the Security Risk Management Plan * ‘Australian /New Zealand Risk Management 4360 1999’ * Standard ISO/IEC 27002 Information technology — Code of practice for information security management * Standard ISO/IEC 27004 Information technology — InformationShow MoreRelatedThe Risks Of Long Distance Human Spaceflight1426 Words   |  6 Pagesspaceflight, the risk management plan in correspondence must prepare the crew members before and during the mission, for risks which may or may not occur, in the isolated confines of space. Specifically, the risks of meteoroid impacts, malnutrition, and contamination were observed and their effects on the psychological and physical health of the crew members was detailed. 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University of Nairobi Guidelines Attachment - 2651 Words

UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI School of Computing and Informatics INDUSTRIAL-ATTACHMENT PLACEMENT AND EVALUATION GUIDELINES VERSION 1.0 Approved by 87TH SCI BOARD on 25th March 2013 March 2013 Table of Contents 1 Introduction 1 2 Definitions and Roles 1 2.1 Student Attachee: 1 2.2 Attachment Coordinator 2 2.3 Faculty Assessor 2 2.4 Industrial Supervisor 2 3 SCI Industrial Attachment Placement Policy 3 4 SCI Industrial Attachment Assessment Policy 6 5 Industrial Attachment Report Format 8 6 Assessment Forms 8 7 Sample Attachment Details Form, Industrial Supervisor’s Evaluation and Form Faculty Assessor’s Evaluation Form 9 8 Sample Log Book 13 Introduction The School of Computing amp; Informatics (formerly†¦show more content†¦The faculty assessor will be required to visit the student at least once during the 8 week duration and evaluate and grade the student activities. The assessor will consult with the industrial supervisor and fill the necessary industrial attachment assessment tool and file it at the earliest with the attachment coordinator. Industrial Supervisor This is a technical or management member of the hosting organization who is responsible for the student learning process. The industrial supervisor must establish a program of activities that will have maximum impact to the learning experience. The supervisor must assign the student appropriate technical staff(s) who will guide and mentor the student. The industrial supervisor will liaise with the attachment coordinator or faculty supervisor on matters relating to the well-being of the student or the attachment activities. SCI Industrial Attachment Placement Policy The development of this placement policy is aimed at harmonizing the strategies used in placement of students to various organizations. a) Type of Organization and Activities A student can be placed for attachment in any duly registered organization with a physical location that is easily accessible, and has a vibrant ICT department or is offering computing solutions. Students will be expected to participate on a day to day basis in the organizations business, andShow MoreRelatedThe Industrial Attachment Report7144 Words   |  29 PagesTHE INDUSTRIAL ATTACHMENT REPORT AT NAIROBI AVIATION COLLEGE-KISUMU BRANCH P.O BOX 751-40100, KISUMU Tel057-2022410,2022411,07149221937,0731931513 EMAIL: nackisumu@nac.ac.ke NAME: ODHIAMBO ABONYO LAZARO INSTITUTION: MAWEGO TECHNICAL TRAINING INSTITUTE ADM NO: 5728 COURSE: DIPLOMA IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY SUPERVISOR: CALISTO OYUGI MR. PERIOD OF ATTACHMENT: AUGUST TO NOVEMBER 2012  © November 15, 2012TABLE OF CONTENTSDeclaration †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ | | Dedication †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreInternship Report6674 Words   |  27 PagesKENYATTA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTING AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Name of Author Oganga Lance. Registration No. I17/1576/2007. Degree Programme Bsc (Computer Science). Title Industrial Attachment Report. Period of Attachment June 2010 – Aug 2010. 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American Government Exit-polls Free Essays

As per exit polls in Texas are concerned, there were some interesting results that are worth noting regarding the trend of voting. The Democrat beat the Republicans by a substantial margin of close to one million votes with McCain garnering 4, 479, 328 or 55% and Obama 3, 528, 633 or 44%. The voting in terms of age Exit polls in Texas for President showed that of the 47% male voters, Obama got 39% while McCain had 59%, and of the 53% female voters Obama had 47% while McCain got 52%. We will write a custom essay sample on American Government Exit-polls or any similar topic only for you Order Now What was interesting in this exit poll result was the trend in voting by age. Texas exit poll revealed that among ages 18-29 comprising 16% of the total votes, Obama earned 54% votes and McCain 45%. Among ages 30-44 (31% of the total votes), Obama had 46% and McCain 52%. Of ages 45-64 (39% of the total votes), Obama got 41% While McCain earned 58%. Finally at 65 and older (14%) Obama had a lowest 32% votes while McCain got a high 66% of the total votes from this age group. The exit polls in Texas reveal important things. 1. That most men in general in this state favored and voted for McCain giving him 59% over Obama with only 39%. 2. That, women in general in this state only slightly favoring McCain giving him a slight edge over Obama at 52% compared to 47%. 3. Among voters ages 18-29 comprising 16% of the total votes, Obama gets the upper hand with 54% compared to McCain’s 45 % 4. But among ages 30-44 which comprised 54%, McCain was the stronger candidate. 5. The trend in the voting by age shows that McCain was the top choice among the older voters. Ages 45-64 comprising 39% shows McCain widening his lead over Obama at 58% to 41% 6. Exit poll among ages 65 and older shows Obama further down at 32% compared to McCain’s 66%. 7. That this voting trend favored McCain considering the age bracket of the voters getting older. 8. That obviously this voting trend in the age bracket point to the direction of racial prejudice. 9. The younger generation was more open to accept societal change through conventional leadership styles. 10. That voting by race reveals that voters in Texas votes based on racial preferences. II. A Letter to the President Dear Mr. President: In view of the exit polls in Texas, apparently younger generations voted for you in view of their being open mindedness on the issues affecting our society. However, the same exit poll reveals that Texas voters in general are partisan voters voting merely based on racial preference. I therefore urge that you give particular attention on this observation by showing considerable fairness among the people of Texas despite you loss by a margin of almost a million votes for future reference. I hope for your favorable response on the matter by paying a visit and extend the atmosphere of reconciliation. Sincerely: III. Question on the election trends I believed that the trends in the general election have changed dramatically from previous trends. The change that took place according to CREST (The Centre for Research into Elections and Social Trends) has to do with voters’ attitude that influenced their preferences for the kind of leaders they wanted for their country. In that report, voters chose the leader/s, who could deal with personal issues such as healthcare, economy, social security, gas prices, war in Iraq, political corruption lobbyist, terrorism, taxes, immigration, and environment (Hardy). The voting attitude was greatly influenced by the current issues that affected their country. The new trend I believe will pass on history and will be seen in future presidential elections especially if Obama proves himself as the right president who could correct the inaccuracies in the society. This period is very crucial in the history of the United States and while the new trend in USA election brings remedy to their crisis, the trend will become the basis in choosing government leaders. Reference Hardy, F. W. (9 Jan 2008). Election Issues Excel in America: National Issues Shine in New Hampshire Presidential Primaries. Suite101. com. http://us-elections. suite101. com/article. cfm/election_issues_excel_in_america President Texas. ElectionCenter2008. CNN Politics. com. http://edition. cnn. com/ELECTION/2008/results/individual/#TXP00 How to cite American Government Exit-polls, Papers

Frankenstein by Mary Shelley and Benito Cereno by Herman Melville Essay Example For Students

Frankenstein by Mary Shelley and Benito Cereno by Herman Melville Essay Throughout the years the theme of good versus evil has been used in various novels. Such as Frankenstein by Mary Shelley and Benito Cereno by Herman Melville. Both novels have accurately demonstrated the origins of evil. Mary Shelleys Frankenstein supports Rousseaus philosophy of the Noble Savage. Rousseaus theory was that man was born good, but when influenced by society man can become corrupted with evil. The character that signifies Rousseau theory of the Noble Savage is Victor Frankensteins creature. The creature was gentle at the beginning of his like, childlike in his curiosity and experience but after several harsh encounters with humans he becomes bitter. Loneliness and isolation motivate the monster to turn to destruction. It was his loneliness that made him savage. An example of societys rejection toward the monster would be the De Lacey family. The monster desired the friendship of the De Lacey family and went about seeking ways to gain it by doing small chores for them anonymously and educating himself so they would see past his horrid appearance. He watched their family together and saw the way they loved each other. He hoped they had enough charity in their hearts for him because he was a singular creature with no home or family, a being alone in the world. He wasnt an emotionless beast indifferent to his solitary state. He was sensitive and very aware of the isolation he experienced, so he wanted to reach out to the De Lacey family to end his loneliness. Frankenstein his creator was the reason the monster was lonely because he had created him as the only one of his kind and then abandoned him. The De Lacey family was the monsters chance for love. However, when he seeks their affection they are afraid of him and their scorn sends him away. This enraged the monster he wanted to make Frankenstein pay for his insensitivity. His desire for revenge took greater precedence over his desire for companionship. The anger and vengeance he exhibited to sought out Frankenstein were a result of the loneliness and rejection the monster had been subject throughout his life. Only when the monster had been subject to societys scornful attitudes which led him to loneliness and isolation did the monster become angry and vengeful. If society hadnt have reacted in a negative manner the monster wouldnt have been destructive, because ultimately the monster was good inside. Another example of the origins of evil would be Herman Melvilles Benito Cereno. This story supports Hobbs theory, which is that man is born with the ability to be evil. The characters that closely represent Hobbs theory would be Babo and the slaves. Under Benito Cerenos weak leadership they revolted and took over the slave ship. What started out to be a slave ship turned out to be a slaughter ship of the white sailors. The slaves were upset and possessed hatred for the white sailors. During the revolt instead of capturing the sailors they took it to the extreme. In the eyes of the reader the slaved are no longer human they have become animalistic and evil. The slaves took it to the extreme by murdering and torturing sailors. They murdered the captain of the ship and hung his body from the top of the ship. They threw sailors overboard alive. They went beyond what is considered acceptable. They were truly evil and possessed the ability to be evil and animalistic. Therefore the stories of Herman Melvilles Benito Cereno and Mary Shelleys Frankenstein discussed the origins of evil through Rousseaus and Hobbs theories.

K12 History Unit 7 Quizzes and Test Q Flashcard

K12 History Unit 7 Quizzes and Test Q

Verb Conjugations for Maintenir (To Maintain) in French

Verb Conjugations for Maintenir (To Maintain) in French The French verb  maintenir  means to maintain. Because the English and French are very similar, this is a relatively easy one to remember. Yet, if you want to say maintained or maintaining in French, you will need to conjugate the verb. Since  maintenir is an irregular verb, this lesson is a little challenging. Conjugations of the French Verb  Maintenir   Maintenir is an  irregular -ir verb. This means that it does not follow one of the more common verb conjugation patterns. However, all French verbs that end in  -venir  and  -tenir  are conjugated the same way. It may be a good idea to study a few of these at one time to make learning each easier. In order to learn the most basic conjugates of  maintenir, study the table below. You will need to pair the subject pronoun with the present, future, or imperfect past tense to fit your sentence. For instance, I am maintaining is je maintiens while we will maintain is nous maintiendrons. Pay particular attention to the verb forms that add an I after the T as these can catch you by surprise. Subject Present Future Imperfect je maintiens maintiendrai maintenais tu maintiens maintiendras maintenais il maintient maintiendra maintenait nous maintenons maintiendrons maintenions vous maintenez maintiendrez mainteniez ils maintiennent maintiendront maintenaient The Present Participle of  Maintenir   The present participle of maintenir  is maintenant. This was formed by simply adding -ant  to the verb stem  mainten. When needed, it can also be used as an adjective, gerund, or noun as well as a verb. The Past Participle and Passà © Composà © The  passà © composà ©Ã‚  is a common way to express the past tense in French. Its a simple phrase to construct and makes use of the past participle  maintenu. You will also need the subject pronoun and the appropriate conjugate of the auxiliary verb  avoir. It all comes together rather easily: I maintained is jai maintenu and we maintained is nous avons maintenu. More Simple  Maintenir  Conjugations to Learn The conjugations above should be a priority in your French studies because you will use them most often. There may be times when you will need other simple conjugations. For instance, the subjunctive verb mood implies uncertainty while the conditional says that the action is dependent on something. In contrast, the passà © simple and the imperfect subjunctive are literary verb forms and found in formal writing. Subject Subjunctive Conditional Pass Simple Imperfect Subjunctive je maintienne maintiendrais maintins maintinsse tu maintiennes maintiendrais maintins maintinsses il maintienne maintiendrait maintint maintnt nous maintenions maintiendrions maintnmes maintinssions vous mainteniez maintiendriez maintntes maintinssiez ils maintiennent maintiendraient maintinrent maintinssent To express  maintenir  in short and often direct sentences, you can use the imperative form. When doing so, theres no need to include the subject pronoun. Rather than nous maintenons, you can simplify it to maintenons. Imperative (tu) maintiens (nous) maintenons (vous) maintenez

Anthropology Questions essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Anthropology Questions - Essay Example In contrast, social authority is the capacity to command individuals. However, the two basic features of cultural authority, legitimacy, and competency must be attained collectively as one group (Joralemon 18) Whilst people may acquire confined reputation, a profession’s aggregate conveys significant trust warrant and authority. Legitimacy is attained by competent advance of national health. For example, health professionals can provide credible data, recommend and validate medical claims, and should be leaders and be honest always. Social authority is the most suitable in western Biomedicine since most of the communities are driven by superiority complex and a command can work well for them. Question 2 Cultural competence is referred to as a set of harmonious behaviors, policies, and attitudes that merge in an agency, among professionals, or system and enable that system, professions, or that agency to work efficiently in cross-cultural circumstances. Culture in this context is used with a reason that it applies the incorporated pattern of human behavior inclusive of communications, customs, values, thoughts, actions, and institutions of an ethnic, racial, social, or religious group. Competence is a word used here as it implies having the ability to function effectively (Bae 47). In terms of operations, Joralemon defines cultural competence as the combination and transformation of knowledge concerning groups of people and individuals into specific policies, standards, attitudes, and practices used in suitable cultural settings to improve on the quality of services, thus producing better results. Medical anthropologists apply the concept of cultural competence by incorporating dialogue at individual levels, since individuals are the ones who create and endorse culture, who encounter diseases and illness, and who can clarify the variation within what we comprehend as cultures. Dialogue recognizes that culture is not necessarily language, ethnicity, and co mmon tradition as existing discourse suggest, rather that these elements join with political and socioeconomic stratifications to affect individual experiences. Medical anthropologists assume that culture labels the entirety of an individual’s experience of illnesses and continues to show patients how important cultural competency is in giving the most effective and comprehensive medical care for all patients. However, the greatest challenge in their work is that, cultural competence is considered as a technical skill, which can be merely acquired or a matter that can be simply handled by a translator. This challenge is rooted from how medicine defines culture, which contrasts with its present use in anthropology. Culture is regularly made identical with nationality, language, and ethnicity. For example, cultural competence has do’s ad don’ts, which define how to take care of a patient from a specific ethnic background. In a medical setting, cultural competence is an important concept as it equalizes power dynamics in health care that lead to those with limited power, for example those in cultural, linguistic, ethnic, or economic minority to receive a lower quality care. It also helps health providers not to believe that they have a superior and correct value system. For example, some cultures believe that when death is talked about, it accelerates life loss, yet most western health care providers view this as a wrong belief

Emily Dickinson a unique voice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Emily Dickinson a unique voice - Essay Example She becomes more of a life force than a person and can see and experience almost anything. She shows that even the smallest things around us—a grain of sand, a pismire, a cow—contain an enormous history and an enormous power. A mouse is capable of inspiring the awe of an entire religion (Blake 56). Most significantly, she seems to believe, like Whitman, that â€Å"the narrowest hinge in my hand puts to scorn all machinery.† This is a celebration of all that has gone into creating the world and how deeply it can inspire us—like the best romantic poetry. Once again nature is an enormous canvas which is all interlinked and inspires great beauty. The bee is â€Å"kinsman† to the grass, and all the things of the world are â€Å"sweet litigants for life.† And on top of these sentiments, the bee is â€Å"sovereign.† These emphasis on nature shows how unique she is. Two important elements of romanticism are the individual versus society and a reliance on human emotion over cold rationality. Both of these principles can be seen in effect in Rousseau’s Confessions and Emily Dickinsons poetry (Knapp 102). Rousseau’s long autobiography Confessions constantly points out how different and apart he is from other people. "I am not made like any of those I have seen; I venture to believe that I am not made like any of those who are in existence. If I am not better, at least I am different" (Rousseau 23). This is a central theme of romanticism. The person who lives truly, understanding himself and nature, in tune with his emotions, is a person apart. The romantic is often portrayed as alone and sensitive—either ostracized by others because of his uniqueness or choosing like a hermit to be free of the conformist and corrupting world of society. This book also celebrates the power and centrality to life of emotion. He writes that, â₠¬Å"If I had ever, a single time in my

Procter Gamble: Organisation And Development

Procter Gamble: Organisation And Development INTRODUCTION Procter Gamble was created in 1837 by William Procter who was a candle maker and James Gamble who was a soap maker. Since then the company was growing bigger and bigger as years past by. Nowadays, Procter Gamble is a multinational organization operating in more than 180 countries and producing over 300 products. Firstly, at this report, the strategic development of PG will be clearly evaluated and it will be followed by the evaluation of its resources and competences. Then, the evaluation of the companys external environment will be analyzed through the use of swot analysis, pest analysis and 5 forces analysis. Subsequently, a strategic group analysis of the industry that PG is engaged to will be carried out to illustrate their differentiate characteristics from other companies. Finally, the longer term strategy of PG will be clearly demonstrated with some future recommendations that could be supportive. Pattern of strategic development Since 1837 when Procter Gamble was founded, the company continued to grow and following the changes at the external environment, the corporate strategy of PG was changing as well. From 1945 to 2020, PG has three stages of corporate strategy, which are: Product diversification strategy (1945-1980), Globalization strategy (1980-2003), and Sustainable Development Strategy (2003-2020). Product diversification strategy (1945-1980) In 1946, PG introduced Tide washing powder. Tides performance was better than the similar products in the market and so it soon got as a big success. Subsequently, PG launched a lot of new products. The first fluoride toothpaste Crest Obtained certification by American Association of Dental Prevention, then it became the leading toothpaste brand quickly. In 1961, PG introduced Pampers which is disposable baby diapers, it is still one of the top product that PG sells (Ifeng Finance, 2010 ). The disadvantage of this strategy is that it is too difficult for the company to control and manage so many products and the company may over pursuit the market share and might not pay attention to develop the star products which have core competitiveness. As a result, the original core competitiveness is weakening and the company does not have its own characteristics, the concept of the companys image and product become blurred. Globalization strategy (1980-2003) Through the acquisition of Norwich Eaton pharmaceutical company  ¼Ã‹â€ 1982 ¼Ã¢â‚¬ ° and Rechardson-Vicks company ¼Ã‹â€ 1985 ¼Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¼Ã…’PG is active in personal care products industry. In the late 80s, early 90s, through the acquisition of Noxell ¼Ã…’Max Factor ¼Ã…’and Ellen Betrix, PG plays an important role in cosmetics and fragrances industry (Ifeng Finance, 2010 ). These acquisition activities have accelerated the process of PG globalization. Moreover, Pampers, Whisper, Pantene, Tide, Ariel, Crest, and Olay and other brands has become a world-renowned brands. However, the biggest problem when a company involved into other countries, is the cultural differences which will lead to different reactions on product on the consumers, thus the marketing strategies need to be changed accordingly. Also, the different national legal systems and the differentiation in consumers budgets is also greatly affecting the conduct of globalization strategy. Sustainable Development Strategy (2003-2020) At the current stage, the tenet of PGs organization strategy is sustainability which means improving peoples life quality. In order to achieve this strategy, PG to start work from the following aspects: Products: PG developed and sold sustainable innovation products which can significantly reduce environmental pollution. In 2007, PG replaced the packaging of detergent as half of the originals, and adjusted the solution to double concentrated formula. The method saved the use of packaging materials and reduced wastes. PGs purpose is to make the environment a better place (Adweek, 2007). Operations: PG established the sustainable development team in the offices. Through green recycling box, the company recycled more than 4800 kilograms of waste paper, and in exchanged for 69,000 new pieces of paper, moreover, the companys power consumption dropped by 10%, saving 17 million kWh which is equivalent to 560 families a months electricity consumption. In addition, in some factories and distribution centers, PG also installed solar power and rainwater collection and processing device, to further reduce energy consumption. (21ST CENTURY BUSINESS HERALD, 2009) Social Responsibility: In 2009, PG signed United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and developed a global reduction in carbon footprint by 2012, and that will be published the results of carbon reduction stage. (21ST CENTURY BUSINESS HERALD, 2009) So far, all of the efforts which PG has done are win-win situation of business and environment. When the company set up the environmental value chain, it will get financial gains from using energy efficiency and reducing wastes. Resources and Competences PG as we know it, is one of the worlds largest consumer products company but what does makes PG so successful while it competes in the huge consumer products industry? This part of the report is mainly focuses on the PGs resources and competences and how the resources and competences works together creating a competitive advantages for the firm. Resources Tangible resource The tangible resource is easy to be identified by looking at the financial report. Their net sale was $ 78. 9 billion in 2010, which is markedly stable by compared with the last two years net sales ($ 76.7million in 2009 and $79.3 in2008 respectively). The net earnings were $ 12. 7 billion and net operating income was $16 billion in 2010. This illustrates that PG has enjoyed a stable and healthy profits. Intangible resources The intangible resources are the brand equity, corporate culture and human resources. PG is the 6th Most Admired Company in Fortunes 2010 list; it was also one of the most valuable brands in the world. The corporate culture is unique, tough lives and improve life every day is PGs philosophy which encourages the PGners engaging to improve consumers life. PG is also very good at research develop. PG has invested $2 billion in consumer research over the last decade in order to understand consumers needs and to improve customers satisfaction. Additionally, at the same time RD increases the product innovation. Competences Marketing strategy Product differentiation: each product has different brands, for example shampoo has Rejoice, Pantene, and Head Shoulders. Only one product has more than three brands and detergent has as many as more than nine brands. Product differentiation can lower risk in case if one brand goes wrong. Various functions: one product has different functions and different packaging, for example, some of detergents have fragrance and others with the function of strong cleaning. This strategy will increase the market share for PG, such as in china along, the market share increased from 30% to 40% in 2010. Advertising: PG tends to use celebrities to advertise its products in order to attract young customers. Localization is another strategy that PG has adopted, for example in china, the company sells shampoo by suing Chinese girl who has black long hear, because this can represent the Chinese culture. Consumer understanding PG is a company that did most investigations in consumers and market research. More than 15,000 researches has been conducted each year. PG invested $350 million a year in consumer understanding in order to improve the customer needs. PG is the first company to focus on customer feedback. Innovation PG is the Innovation leader in the consumer products industry. Over the past 15 years, 125 PG innovations have earned a spot on the top 25 Pacesetters list more than six largest competitors combined. Innovation program: connect develop (C+D): PG is always seeking the opportunity to collaborate with people or company who has innovative ideas. The VRIO framework evaluates the competitive advantage from four aspects: valuable, rare, inimitable, and organized. From the evidence above the corporate culture was the Competitive parity. Because each organization has its unique cultures, it is inimitable. Human resources are the short term competitive advantage of the company. People are not fixed assets of one company, they can go to other company as well if they wish to. PGs competitive advantages are its brand equity, RD, marketing strategy, consumer understanding and innovation. External business environment At this part of the report, the evaluation of PGs external environment will take place. This evaluation will be contacted through the SWOT analysis, PEST analysis and Porters Five forces analysis. SWOT Analysis (Opportunities and Threats) SWOT analysis is a way to analyse an organisation and its environment. SWOT stands for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats. Strengths and Weaknesses are the internal factors, Opportunities and Threats are the external factors. At this report we are only consider about the external factors. Opportunities The increasing demand for the section of male health and beauty goods is one of the biggest opportunities of PG and with the acquirement of Gillette, PG is growing rapidly at this particular market. Moreover, PG has a huge opportunity with its reaction to the enormous technological growth of the internet by utilizing different marketing techniques and online social networks. What is more, taking into consideration their long-term aims, they have been disconnected from some products such as the oral-care toothpaste of Gillette, Zest brand have been acquired by Brynwood Partners, etc. so PG will pay their full attention at brands of their interest. PG is persistently growing into more and more countries so at the moment operates in 80 countries and now due to the recession it is easier to acquire any smaller firms because of their financial problems (Canadian Business 2011, Worldlingo 2011). Threats PG as a global giant company have a lot of competitors like Kimberly Clark, Unilever, Johnsons Johnsons, etc. who in various countries causes large threat at the market share. Moreover, the competitors of PG are increasing their goods range through getting hold of other smaller firms. As a result of the recession, the consumers budget has been decrease and therefore their spending power is limited as well. Also, raw materials prices are rising thus the production cost is rising and the different currency rate place a huge threat on PG. PEST Analysis PEST analysis stands for Political, Economical, Social and Technological factors and it is used by the analysers to identify the external factors that may affect the organisation in an opportunity or as a threat. Political Factors ProcterGamble have created the PG Political Action Committee (PG PAC), which is a scheme that it was created to give the opportunity to the employees of PG to support candidates at the federal, state and local level who contribute to the quality of life at the communities. Moreover, PG by offering economic support contributes in the political process (Procter Gamble 2011). Economical Factors PG is designed to go through any type of economy as they are very capable and they have a commitment to the consumers. Subsequently, even at the time of the recession PG had margins to reduce costs and offer products to consumers ( Business Week 2011). Social Factors With the creation of Live Learn and Thrive Program, PG helps children in need to drink clean water so it helps them to have a healthy beginning in life. Moreover, it is making places, tools and programs available to them for better learning (Procter Gamble 2011). Technological Factors PG as a big organisation and as it is specified in a lot of different markets, they are focusing on more sophisticate technology and they have managed to reduce any unwanted errors. PG have managed to create new products and further improve their existing products (Procter Gamble 2011). Porters Five Forces Model (SlideShare INC. 2011) Porters five forces model is a framework that was created by Michael E. Porter in 1979 and it is consider with the buyers power, supplier power, the treat of new entrants, the treat of substitute and the rivalry of a firm. Buyer Power Consumers are well informed for all different brands of a specific product that are available mostly through advertising. Brand name is very important but consumers are very perceptive with price level as well. Thus, buyers power is high so PG organisation must remain competitive to keep being successful. Supplier Power The power of the suppliers to PG organisation can be low because the raw materials are easy to be find from different suppliers and what is more, such big firms have the opportunity to produce their own raw materials. Threat of New Entrants The threat of new entrants is very low since PG and their well known competitors are already huge global firms with very famous brand names and consumers will not just change their brand goods as easily. Moreover, setting up this kind of firm will cost millions. Threat of Substitutes The threat of substitutes that PG have to face is high. That can be seen from the retailers shops and sometimes the substitutes have cheaper prices and same performance. Degree of Rivalry The variety of the goods between different companies started to be similar to each other so the firms must begin a differentiation with offers, vouchers or even better/cooler advertises. Strategic group analysis PG is one of biggest multiple customer goods company in the world. Thus each product could have its own competitors. However, the main competitors of PG are Kimberly-Clark Co, Johnson Johnson and Unilever. Net sale of PG and Unilever The chart above illustrates the net sale of PG and Unilever in the last six years. As it can be seen, Unilever has about 10 billion more sales than PG in 2005. Interestingly, as it can be seen from 2006 to 2010, the net sale of PG is considerably more than Unilever. Furthermore, in 2008, PG reaches the peak showing 20 billion Net Sales more than Unilever ¼Ã‹â€ PG official website 2010, Unilever official website 2009 ¼Ã¢â‚¬ ° Product range and geographical scope Procter Gamble, Johnson Johnson, Unilever and Kimberly-Clark are the major international companies that sells their products all over the world. But as regard their geographic scope we can see huge differences. PG has been selling its products in more than 180 countries. Johnson Johnson is almost the same as Unilever, and they are both over 170countries. However, Kimberly-Clark has been developed up to 150 different countries. The product range of PG holds into 5 main product categories which are: Personal Beauty, House Home, Baby Family, Health Wellbeing and Pet Nutrition. Although the categories of PG are very similar with Unilever ¼Ã…’the food product of Unilever (Hearbrand, Lipton, sim-fast) gained an advantage over the other three companies. However, Johnson Johnson focuses its products on paramedical such as baby care, wound care and vision. In addition, Kimberly-Clark specializes in Health care products (PG official website 2010, Unilever official website 2009, Joh nson Johnson official website 2010, Kimberly-Clark official website 2010) Market share of shampoo in China With the development of shampoo market, the organization of PG became the leader of shampoo in Chinas market. PG basically owns five main shampoo brands which are Rejoice, Head Shoulders, Pantene ¼Ã…’Sassoon ¼Ã…’and Clairol; With these brands PG became the dominant position in many countries. Take china market as an example, PG take up nearly 60% shampoo market share in 2010. However, Unilever only accounted for 23%. The domestic brand C-bon only had 6.3% until 2010 (Bai Du website 2010). Successful factors PG adopts multi-brand strategy. When PG entered the China market, it launched Rejoice, Head Shoulders, Pantene, Sassoon and Clairol successively. What is more, each of these brands has its traits; for instance, the function of Head Shoulder should emphasis getting rid of surf and the function of rejoice is to soften the hair. Adopting the multi-brand strategy could have two advantages; Firstly, multi brand strategy can focus on different target market. Secondly, brand management can became very independent. In addition, at the same time it can reduce the risks. Supposing that one brand of PG frails, it will not affect the reputation of PG too much. On the other hand Unilever adopts the Monolithic Brand Strategy which with this method can save money on many advertisement fees, it lost the market share. PG always build the brand image with a massive advertising campaign. It is not only in newspaper, magazines, but also on major television channels. The advertisement of PG is very pertinence, because each of their brands are emphasizing its unique function (Bai Du website 2010). Long term strategy development of the organization References: Bai Du website (2010 ¼Ã¢â‚¬ °Brand of shampoo strategy in China. [online] available from [20 January 2011] Bai Du website (2010 ¼Ã¢â‚¬ °marketing analysis of PG and Unilever [online]available from [20 January 2011] Bai Du website (2010 ¼Ã¢â‚¬ °PG took up more 60%market share in China. [online]available from [21 January 2011] Business Week (2011) PG is up [online] available from [19 December 2010] Canadian Business (2011) Brynwood Partners [online] available from [7 January 2011] Docstock (2010) PG Analysis [online] available from [29 December 2010] Ifeng Finance. (2010) Procter and Gamble Profile [Online] Available from [10 January 2011] Johnson Johnson. (2010) official website [online]available from [16 January 2011] Kai, H. (2009) Procter Gamble: Environmental Friendly Promoting Innovation. Newspaper of 21st Century Business Herald, 26 Kenneth R. Andrews. (1980) The Concept of Corporate Strategy. Richard D. Irwin, Inc Kimberly-Clark ¼Ã‹â€ 2010 Official website [online] available from [18 January 2011] PG (2010) Official Website [online] available from [5 January 2011] SlideShare INC. (2011) Fluff Pulp Fiction [online] available from [5 January 2011] Sustainable Packaging Coalition. (2007) PG Canada Liquid Laundry Concentrate [Online] Available from [8 January 2010] Unilever (2009) Official Website [online] available from [14 January 2011] Worldlingo (2011) List of Procter Gamble brands [online] available from [6 January 2011]

Review of Grahams Magazine Essay -- Literature History

Graham’s Lady’s and Gentleman’s Magazine (Graham’s) is a monthly published literary periodical although it allots other fields including engravings, fashion, and music to a small portion. This magazine deals with variety of literary fields from short stories, poetry, and essays handle various tastes from belles-lettres to sentimental literature. During those periods, the contributors to the magazine, in addition to numerous writers who exist only in tarnishing paper, are included such canonical writers as Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Mrs. Lydia H. Sigourney, James Fenimore Cooper, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Edgar Allan Poe, among others. Through its inclusiveness in genres and wide range of literary works, Graham’s gained a broad readership, and simultaneously the magazine contributed to forging white American idealism by keeping silence on political or social issues at that time and reinforcing the already establish social system. This magazine’s silence for the contemporary issues is evident from its non-existent, editorial statement. One can hardly find explicit editorial position during 1843-44 for mainly two reasons. The owner and chief editor George R. Graham did not have his specific taste for literature or editorial position; his first concern was apparently a cultural business not culture itself. In his article â€Å"A Brief History of Graham Magazine,† Frank Luther Mott mentions that this magazine was the result of the combination of the Casket: Flowers of Literature, Wit and Sentiment and Burton’s Gentleman’s Magazine. He continues to contend that when Graham purchased the two magazines and merged as Graham Magazine, he just followed the merits from each magazine, which would promote the readership (364). On the other hand, Grah... ...ally have when opening a printed magazine. That is mainly because of the textual modes, microfilm or digitalized texts. When author’s works display in the screen in a small portion at a time, it produces another ahistorical text. This time one needs not draw one work from an anthology. Instead, the reader has to read the text confined by modern technology, which again alienates the text from the cultural or social atmosphere in the period when the magazine actually published. Works Cited Casper, Scott E., et al. A History of the Book in America. Vol. 3. The Industrial Book 1840-1880. Chapel Hill: UP of North Carolina, 2007. Print. â€Å"Editor’s Table.† Graham’s American Monthly Magazine 26.6 (1844): 296. Google Books. Web. 25 Sept. 2010. Mott, Frank Luther. â€Å"A Brief History of Graham’s Magazine.† Studies in Philosophy 25.3 (1928): 362-74. Web. 9 Oct. 2010.

Famous Psychologist Essay

Throughout psychology’s relatively brief history, there have been many famous psychologists who have left their mark both on psychology and on the world at large. While some of these individuals do not necessarily fit today’s definition of a ‘psychologist’, a term which indicates a doctoral-level degree in psychology, their influence on psychology is without question. Learn more about psychologists by browsing through this list of some of the most famous thinkers in psychology history. Alfred Adler Public Domain Alfred Adler is known as one of the most influential thinkers in psychology. While he was initially a member of the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society, Adler eventually departed from Freud’s theories and developed his own perspective, which he called Individual Psychology. He had a strong influence on a number of other eminent psychologists, including Carl Rogers, Abraham Maslow and Karen Horney. Mary Ainsworth Mary Ainsworth was a psychologist best known for her research on attachment theory and the development of the â€Å"strange situation† assessment. Her work played an important role in our understanding of child development and has influenced other fields including education. Gordon Allport Gordon Allport was a psychologist perhaps best-known as one of the founding figures of personality psychology. He also developed a trait theory of personality that described three broad categories of personality traits. Solomon Asch Solomon Asch was a pioneering social psychologist. His famous conformity experiments demonstrated that people will claim that something is correct when it obviously is not due to social pressure from peers. Asch also had an important influence on psychologist Stanley Milgram, whose own obedience experiments were inspired by Asch’s work. Albert Bandura Albert Bandura is a psychologist known for his famous â€Å"Bobo doll† experiment as well as his concepts of self-efficacy and social learning. Bandura’s work is considered part of the cognitive revolution in psychology that began in the late 1960s. His theories have had tremendous impact on personality psychology, cognitive psychology, education, and therapy. Alfred Binet Public Domain Alfred Binet was a French psychologist famous for his development of the first widely used intelligence test. He is often described as one of the most influential thinkers in psychology history and his original test still serves as the basis for modern measures of intelligence. Mary Whiton Calkins Mary Whiton Calkins was the first female president of the American Psychological Association. She studied at Harvard with famous teachers including William James and Hugo Munsterberg. Despite completing all of the requirements for a doctorate degree in psychology, Harvard refused to grant her degree simply because she was a woman. James McKeen Cattell Image courtesy Library of Congress James McKeen Cattell was the first U.S. psychology professor. He is an important figure in psychology thanks to his work in intelligence, his use of quantitative methods and his focus on establishing psychology as a legitimate science. Raymond Cattell Image from Wikimedia Commons Raymond Cattell was a pioneering thinker who is perhaps best known for his use of multivariate analysis and his 16-factor personality model. Mamie Phipps Clark Mamie Phipps Clark was a pioneering psychologist known for her important research on child development and self-concept among minorities. As the first black woman to graduate from Columbia University, she faced discrimination because of her race and her gender. Her research with her husband, Kenneth Clark, played a major role in the Supreme Court’s decision in the pivotal Brown vs. Board of Education case. Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi He’s an important contemporary psychologist, but one of your first questions is probably â€Å"How do you pronounce his name?† (It’s me-HIGH chick-sent-me-HIGH-ee, by the way.) Learn more about his work and contributions to modern psychology in this brief biography. John Dewey Image courtesy Wikimedia Commons John Dewey was an American psychologist, philosopher, writer and educational theorist. His work had a vital influence on psychology, education and philosophy and he is often considered one of the greatest thinkers of the 20th-century. His emphasis on progressive education has contributed greatly to the use of experimentation rather than an authoritarian approach to knowledge. Erik Erikson Public Domain Erik Erikson’s well-known stage theory of psychosocial development helped generate interest and inspire research on human development through the lifespan. An ego psychologist who studied with Anna Freud, Erikson expanded psychoanalytic theory by exploring development throughout the full lifespan, including events of childhood, adulthood and old age. Hans Eysenck Image from the Wikimedia Commons / Sirswindon at en.wikipedia Hans Eyesenck was a very prolific psychologist, publishing more than 75 books and 1600 journal articles. Prior to his death in 1997, he was the living psychologist most frequently cited in scientific books and journal articles. He was also a very controversial figure, and his outspoken views of subjects ranging from psychotherapy to intelligence made him the subject of criticism. Leon Festinger Leon Festinger was an influential social psychologist who is well-known for his theory of cognitive dissonance as well as his social comparison theory. Anna Freud Anna Freud began her career influenced by the theories of her father, Sigmund Freud. Far from living in her father’s shadow, Anna made important contributions of her own to psychology. She founded child psychoanalysis and summarized the ego’s defense mechanisms in her book The Ego and the Mechanisms of Defense (1936). Sigmund Freud Public Domain Sigmund Freud may be one of the best known figures in history, but he is also one of the most controversial. He was the founder of the school of thought known as psychoanalysis. The legacy of his life and work provokes both impassioned acclaim from his supporters and disdain from his detractors. While some view him as a cultural icon and others see him as a pseudo-scientific charlatan, there is no question that Freud left an indelible mark on psychology as well as other disciplines. Erich Fromm Liss Goldring / Erich Fromm Estate Erich Fromm was a neo-Freudian psychoanalyst who had a major influence on humanistic psychology. Today Fromm is remembered for his concept of freedom as a fundamental component of human nature.

Perseus - A Pilot With Low Wage - 1235 Words

Perseus - A pilot with low wage - collects scrap on the planet of Forthou desperate for money, with his only childhood friend, Ami ; a good old humorous friend. â€Å"Where are we heading now?† Ami said. Perseus continues to walk, â€Å"TX-A Mining colony, it s the only place we will make decent wage.† Perseus walks into the â€Å"Mars Bar†. He walks into a Seat with Ami, while a man in a hat walks in. *Space phone rings* â€Å"My dad sorry†, Perseus hangs up the phone. Ami gets a few drinks, â€Å"Do you know him?† Ami said quietly. The man takes a seat with Perseus and Ami. â€Å"May I sit here laddy†. â€Å"Sorry we’re waiting for a friend†. The man named Desu sits down anyways. The man starts a conversation with the two and claims that he needs a ride to TX-A mining†¦show more content†¦Perseus finds his purpose in life and concludes to himself that he must kill Medusa. Perseus asks Desu if he maybe trained and Desu agrees. During his short training Perseus learn at a fast pace, but does not learn much. Perseus is desperate and scours the galaxy for Medusa. In his journey his Journey Perseus receives a tip off that Medusa is on the moon Kamak. He, Ami, and Desu set off to the moon but arrive to see Desus old Pirate gang. â€Å"Lad whatever you do do not make them angry†, says Desu in a cocky tone. As the trio are walking through the moon A pirate notices Desu and screams â€Å"TRAITOR†, pointing at Desu. Desu and Ami get carried off into the Pirates encampment, but Perseus escapes unseen. â€Å"Comet me bro†, exclaims Ami. The pirates take partial humor in this before brutally beating Ami. Perseus, angered by the pirates, walks into the camp with only a sword in hand. Perseus slashes and clashes with many blades killing many. â€Å"Are you alright†, says Perseus to Ami as he rescues him. â€Å"Well i ve been bleeding for hours and i can t move so what do you thinkà ¢â‚¬  says Ami sarcastically. Perseus moves on to Desus cage where he finds him stripped naked and slashed many times. â€Å"You must come with me is you want to live† says Perseus, â€Å"I will try my best†, replies Desu. Carrying both companions Perseus Runs for safety when a pirate comes up behind Perseus and stabs Desu in the back.Show MoreRelatedStrategic Human Resource Management View.Pdf Uploaded Successfully133347 Words   |  534 Pagesinvestments in employees by paying a wage during Page 9 STRATEGIC HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Section One training, which has been reduced by the training costs. Employers also can recoup some of their investments in general training because employees incur costs of mobility, such as the costs of finding new jobs and relocating. If the costs of mobility are high enough (moving expenses, realtors’ fees, psychological costs of moving children, etc.) the employer can pay a wage lower than the employee’sRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 PagesPrinciples Henri Fayol †¢ Develop a series of rules and routines to help workers in their daily work. †¢ Replace the rule-of-thumb method by finding the most efficient way. †¢ Select scientifically, and then train, teach, and develop the worker. †¢ Provide wage incentives to workers for increased output.6 Efficiency was Taylor’s central theme. As a steelworks manager in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in the United States, he was interested in knowing how to get more work out of workers whom he considered toRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagessense-making mechanism. Building trusting relationships is a critical part of coping with information overload. It is a fact that when everything is changing, change becomes unmanageable. No one can manage constant, unorganized change. Think of being a pilot on an airplane. Everything is changing—the entire plane is in constant motion—as the plane moves through the air. Unless you can fix on somethi ng that is not changing—for example, the ground or the stars—it is impossible to fly the plane. TragicallyRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesWaterWay off the South Korean coast by 2015. The $800 million plus project is expected to provide 300MW of renewable energy, enough to power 200,000 homes. The project entails installing a series of 60 ft-high tidal turbines in deep ocean water. A 1MW pilot plant would be installed first to evaluate the environmental impact before the full-blown is allowed. If successful, the ecological impact is expected to be much less than conventional tidal barges which destroy bird habitats and hinder the passage